We found that amongst the variables considered, the largest independent variations against the forewing span were found in the chord of the hindwing, and that hindwing properties were not reliably predicted by the Odonata family. A number of close correlations were found between the wingspan and the size of other structures. By carrying out an extensive statistical analysis of data, we show that the geometrical parameters for the suborder Epiprocta (dragonflies) can be classified into scale-dependent and independent parameters using regression analysis. The wing semi-spans captured in the database range from 24 to 85 mm. This study was undertaken to explore the scale relationships between the geometrical parameters of photogrammetrically reconstructed wings of 75 Odonata species, 66 from Epiprocta, and 9 from Zygoptera. Studies have been done on 2D aerodynamics over corrugated wings however, there is limited comparative quantified data on the planforms of Odonata wings. Despite the superficial similarity between Odonata planforms, the frequency with which they are portrayed artistically, and the research interest in their aerodynamics, those features that are stable and those that are labile between species have not been identified. The flight performance and maneuverability of Odonata depends on wing shape and aero-structural characteristics, including airfoil shape, wingspan, and chord. This research can contribute to the morphological design of flying vehicles for agile and resilient performance. The results show that the maximum collision force generated by the proposed Tombo propeller is less than two-thirds that of a traditional rigid propeller, which suggests the concrete possibility to employ deformable propellers for drones flying in a cluttered environment. Finally, we design and showcase a control strategy for a drone equipped with Tombo propellers that collides in midair with an obstacle and recovers from collision continuing flying. We describe the development of an aerodynamic model and experiments conducted to investigate performance characteristics for various configurations of the propeller morphology and related properties, such as generated thrust force, thrust force deviation, collision force, recovery time, lift-to-drag ratio, and noise. Here, we report on the design and fabrication process of this biomimetic propeller that can accommodate collisions and recover quickly, while maintaining sufficient thrust force to hover and fly. Inspired by the flexibility and resilience of dragonfly wings, we propose a novel design for a biomimetic drone propeller called Tombo propeller.

This has prompted a search into nature for a highly resilient structure that can inform a design of propellers to reduce those risks and enhance safety. The risks of damage by collision, to humans, obstacles in the environment, and drones themselves, are significant. There is a growing need for vertical takeoff and landing vehicles, including drones, which are safe to use and can adapt to collisions.

Nodus meaning